A GC is constituted on the basis of contrastive gr forms which share a certain gr meaning correlated to some general concept and differ in more concrete mng within the scope of the same concept/ Such contrastive gr-al forms are called OPPOSITIONS and all gr cat are based on oppositions. The method of OPPOSITIONAL ANALYSYS was introduced by Trubetskoy: op-tions may differ accord to the number of of their members(binary, ternary, quarternary nd polynominal) & acoord to the character of the relations bw ‘em. (privative, equipollent & gradual) The members of privative opp are characterized by the presence / absence of 1 & the same feature. The member that possesses the feature – strong/marked, the other is weak/unmarked. Strong is marked formally(gr-cal morpheme) & semantically(clearly defined gr-al mng), Weak usually has a zero gr-cal morpheme, its meaning is best defined negatively:non-pasive, non-pl. The members of equipollent app r contrasted on the basi of dif features(poo of parts of speech), gradual unites members with diff degree of the same feature)closed-half-open-open vowels). The majority of opp in gr – binary privative.
On the syntagmatic level opp undergoes very import processes.
The position of neutralization is, as a rule, filled in by the weak member of the opposition due to its more general semantics, the use of the unmarked member of the opposition in the osition of the marked member does not transgress the expressive conventions of ordinary speech.the element that makes it possible - neutralizer e.g. The exhibition opens next week.
The other type of oppositional reduction called transposition takes place when one of the members of the opposition is placed in contextual conditions uncommon for it, that is, the use of the form is stylistically marked. Transposition is based on the contrast between the members of the opposition, it may be defined as a contrastive use of the counter-member of the opposition. As a rule, it is the marked member of the opposition that is employed transpositionally, but not always so. e.g. He is always borrowing my pen.
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