The Present Indefinite

Английский глагол имеет четыре формы настоящего времени: The Present Indefinite (настоящее неопределенное), The Present Continuous (настоящее длящееся), The Present Perfect (настоящее свершенное) и The Present Perfect Continuous (настоящее длительно-итоговое).

Отличительной чертой английского глагола является его развитая система видо-временных форм, которая складывается из:

По своему обобщенному лексическому значению глаголы могут быть охарактеризованы как слова, обозначающие процессы в широком смысле этого слова, например: to do, to live, to speak, to see и т. д.

Слова в любом языке делятся на части речи — классы, отличающиеся друг от друга по значению, форме и функциям, которые они выполняют в предложении.

One of the first linguists who tried «to modernize» tradition­al rhetoric system was a British scholar G. Leech. In 1967 his contribution into stylistic theory in the book «Essays on Style a"d Language» was published in London.

In spite of the belief that rhetoric is an outmoded discipline it is in rhetoric that we find most of the terms contemporary stylistics generally employs as its metalanguage. Rhetoric is the initial source of information about metaphor, metonymy, epithet, antithesis, chi­asmus, anaphora and many more. The classical rhetoric gave us still widely used terms of tropes and figures of speech.

Like other linguistic disciplines stylistics deals with the lexical, grammatical, phonetic and phraseological data of the language. However there is a distinctive difference between stylistics and the other linguistic subjects. Stylistics does not study or describe separate linguistic units like phonemes or words or clauses as such. It studies their stylistic/unction. Stylistics is interested in the expressive potential of these units and their interaction in a text.

Speaking of the notion of style and stylistic colouring we cannot avoid the problem of the norm and neutrality and stylistic colouring in contrast to it. Most scholars abroad and in this country giving definitions of style come to the conclusion that style may be defined as deviation from the lingual norm. It means that what is stylistically conspicuous, stylistically relevant or stylistically coloured is a departure from the norm of a given national language. (G. Leech, M. Riffaterre, M. Halliday, R.Jacobson and others).

As is obvious from the names of the branches or types of stylistic studies this science is very closely linked to the linguistic disci­plines philology students are familiar with: phonetics, lexicology and grammar due to the common study source.