При переводе прямой речи в косвенную меняется подлежащее и, соответственно, форма глагола-сказуемого
Mary says, "I don't know his address." Mary says that she doesn't know his address.
Для передачи чужой речи употребляются глаголы to say, to tell, to ask и другие, за которыми идет придаточное дополнительное предложение. Если эти глаголы стоят в прошедшем времени, то соблюдаются правила согласования времен; указательные местоимения и наречия времени и места заменяются по смыслу следующими словами:
Прямая речь Косвенная речь
yesterday the day before, on the previous day
tomorrow the next day, the following day ago before
this (these) that (those)
here there
now then, at that time, immediately
last night the previous night
today that day
tonight that night
Также при переводе прямой речи в косвенную, в том случае, когда глагол «говорения» выступает в прошедшем времени, в придаточном предложении наблюдается сдвиг времен.
Present Simple - Past Simple He lives in New York.
I thought that he lived in New York.
Present Continious - Past Continious Mother is sleeping.
I knew that mother was sleeping.
Present Perfect - Past Perfect He has returned from London.
I was told that he had returned from London.
Past Simple - Past Perfect He bought a new car.
I heard that he had bought a new car.
Future - Future-in-the-Past He will send us a letter.
I supposed that he would send us a letter.
Если высказывание имеет форму вопроса, то при переводе его в косвенную речь порядок слов меняется: в косвенном вопросе употребляется порядок слов, характерный для повествовательного предложения, при этом специальный вопрос присоединяется к главному-предложению с помощью союзных местоимений или наречий (what, who, how, when, etc.), a общий вопрос — с помощью союзов if или whether, которые соответствуют русской частице ли в аналогичных структурах:
Специальный вопрос He asked me
(Special Question) He wanted to know
He wondered
What are you doing? what I was doing.
Where do you live? where I lived.
Where does he work? where he worked.
What is Nick doing? what Nick was doing
What have you prepared for today? what I had prepared for that day
When did you come home yesterday? when I came home the day before.
When will your mother come home? when my mother would come home.
Общий вопрос He asked me
(General Question) He wanted to know
He wondered
Are you watching TV? if / wheather I was watching TV.
Do you play chess? I played chess
Does she go to school? She went to school.
Are you listening to me? I was listening to him.
Have you done your homework? I had done my homework.
Did you skate last winter? I had skated the winter before.
Will you see your friend tomorrow? I should see my friend the next day.
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