АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК.

Древнеанглийский язык.

 В 9 в. н.э. название 'английский' (englisc) употреблялось для обозначения всех близкородственных германских диалектов, распространенных на Британских островах. В 5–6 вв. н.э. в Британию через Северное море приплыли англы, саксы, юты и фризы, языки которых принадлежали к западной подгруппе германской группы индоевропейской языковой семьи. Сегодняшний английский наиболее близок к фризскому, фламандскому, нидерландскому и немецкому языкам (западногерманская подгруппа) и несколько отстоит от исландского, норвежского, датского и шведского языков (северогерманская подгруппа). В современном исландском языке сохранились некоторые особенности тысячелетней давности, утерянные в современном английском, в силу которых исландский более всех остальных живых языков похож на древнеанглийский.

Good Teacher

            All the people are needed, all the people are important. Any school can’t manage without a good teacher. It is a prestige and a reputation of an educational institution. For those, who like going to school, in due time teachers even become friends – friend that will help you to solve different problems, will put you on a right way, will encourage a produce of your industriousness and responsibility, and, as the result of hard work, will help you to pass and examination successfully after what you will cross the threshold of and independent and a present life.

            Firstly, lets see, what kind of personality a good teacher should have on an example. Once I missed several infotechnology lessons for the reason that I had table tennis trainings at time when the lesson starts, and therefore it was necessary for me to stay on some days, free of my training sessions, at school and to have additional teaching and to pass my fail to attend tests. So my teacher had to do the same for me. She wants me to make up overlooked material so as to raise my knowledge in computers on a level of my classmates. I think that it is a good trait to the teacher.

Fifty states of USA

1.STATE CONSTITUTIONS

The success of the Revolution gave Americans the opportunity to give legal form to their ideals as expressed in the Declaration of Independence, and to remedy some of their grievances through state constitutions. As early as May 10, 1776, Congress had passed a resolution advising the colonies to form new governments "such as shall best conduce to the happiness and safety of their constituents." Some of them had already done so, and within a year after the Declaration of Independence, all but three had drawn up constitutions.

The new constitutions showed the impact of democratic ideas. None made any drastic break with the past, since all were built on the solid foundation of colonial experience and English practice. But each was also animated by the spirit of republicanism, an ideal that had long been praised by Enlightenment philosophers.

Naturally, the first objective of the framers of the state constitutions was to secure those "unalienable rights" whose violation had caused the former colonies to repudiate their connection with Britain. Thus, each constitution began with a declaration or bill of rights. Virginia's, which served as a model for all the others, included a declaration of principles, such as popular sovereignty, rotation in office, freedom of elections and an enumeration of fundamental liberties: moderate bail and humane punishment, speedy trial by jury, freedom of the press and of conscience, and the right of the majority to reform or alter the government.

Введение

Если рассматривать словарный состав английского языка, то все входящие в него слова следует считать английскими, за исключением таких слов, которые своей формой выдают своё иностранное происхождение. Например:

padishah – падишах из персидского:

khaliff – калиф (халиф) из арабского и др.

Но таких слов в английском языке сравнительно мало. Подавляющая же масса слов воспринимается в современном языке как слова английские, каково бы ни было их действительное происхождение. На самом же деле исконно английскими являются слова, известные с древнеанглийского периода. Они составляют менее половины английской лексики. Остальная часть словарного языка – слова иноязычного происхождения, пришедшие из латинского, греческого, французского, скандинавских других языков.

Слова иноязычного происхождения называются заимствованиями.

Заимствования лексических элементов из одного языка в другой – явление очень древнее и известно уже языкам древнего мира.

В процессе своего развития английский язык сталкивался со многими языками, из которых заимствовал разнообразные слова. Они неодинаковы как по количеству и удельному весу в словарном составе английского языка.

Формы обращения в английском языке

Обращение - слово или сочетание слов , называющее лицо , которому адресована речь. Обращениями в первую очередь служат имена людей , название лиц по степени родства, положению в обществе, профессии, занятию, должности, званию, национальному или возрастному признаку , взаимоотношениями людей. Без него трудно представить себе коммуникацию. Оно употребляется  прежде всего с целью привлечь внимание того лица , к которому  обращается говорящий. Строение и значение обращений различаются в зависимости от формы и степени речи . В разговорной речи чаще встречаются нераспространённые обращения , называющие лицо по имени, по  имени и отчеству, по фамилии . В письменной речи встречаются распространённые бращения. В них название лица часто сопровождаются определениями , которые выражают отношение говорящего к названному лицу . Чрезвычайно разнообразны по строению и значению  обращения в языке художественных произведений , особенно в  поэтической речи . Они привлекают внимание читателя к адресату .

My future profession

There are a lot of interesting and useful professions. I am going to become a teacher. I suppose my future profession to be one of the most important nowadays.

My future speciality is English (Literature, Russian, History, Geography). I love children very much and to become a teacher has been my dream since my early childhood.

To teach and to bring up children is the most important and noble thing, to my mind. I am eager to get the proper education to be able to do my best to teach my future pupils my favourite subject. I'll try not only to help them to master it. I'll try to help them to become good and clever people, to be honest, kind and noble.

Meals and cooking

When we cook, we boil, roast, fry or stew our food. We boil eggs, meat, chicken, fish, milk, water and vegetables. We fry eggs, fish and vegetables. We stew fish, meat, vegetables or fruit. We roast meat or chicken. We put salt, sugar, pepper, vinegar and mustard into our food to make it salted, sweet, sour or simply tasty. Our food may taste good or bad or it may be tasteless.

The usual meals in England are breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner or, in simpler houses, breakfast, dinner, tea and supper.

For breakfast English people mostly have porridge or corn-flakes with milk or cream and sugar, bacon and eggs, marmalade with buttered toast and tea or coffee. For a change they can have a boiled egg, cold ham, or fish.

English people generally have lunch about one o'clock. At lunch time in a London restaurant one usually finds a mutton chop, or steak and chips, or cold meat or fish with potatoes and salad, then a pudding or fruit to follow.

Summer holidays

All the people enjoy summer holidays very much. It is a great pleasure to have a rest after a whole year of hard work or study. People like to travel during their summer holidays. Some people go abroad to see new countries, some people prefer to go to the country-side to enjoy country-life far from noise and fuss of big cities.

Some people like to spend their holidays in cities, visiting theatres, museums and going sightseeing. But a great number of people go to the seaside in summer.

Great Britain

Great Britain is situated on the British Isles. It consists of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, and is one thirtieth the size of Europe. Great Britain is surrounded by seas on all sides and is separated from the continent by the North Sea and the English Channel.

There are many rivers in Britain. They are not long but some of them are deep. The longest river is the Severn. There are many mountains in the north of England and in Scotland but they are not very high. The highest mountain in Great Britain is Ben Nevis. There are many lakes in Scotland. The most beautiful is Loch Lomond.

Great Britain has a very good position as it lies on the crossways of the sea routes from Europe to the other parts of the world. There are many countries which are connected with Great Britain by sea. Thanks to Gulf Stream the climate of Great Britain is mild. It is often foggy and rainy. The summer is not very hot and the winter is not very cold.